André Lemos is Associate Professor, Faculty of Communication, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil. PhD in Sociology, Sorbonne (1995), Visiting Scholar University of Alberta and McGill University, Canada (2007-2008). Coordinator of Cybercity Research Group (UFBa/CNPq) and Researcher level 1 at CNPq. Member of Prix Ars Electronica, Wi. Journal of Mobile Media and Canadian Journal of Communication Board. This Carnet is online since March 1st, 2001.
Dois blocos neste post. Primeiro uma discussão sobre as reconfigurações das redes sociais e o papel crítico dos bloggers, ou a perda deste, com novas ferramentas como Facebook e Twitter. Depois 10 pontos para se pensar, proposto por Jan Chipchase a confiabilidade nas redes e as estratégias de privacidade. No segundo bloco, mídias locativas. Primeiro, comentário e vídeo sobre o projeto Color by Numbers, que usa interação entre celulares e paisagem urbana e depois a conferência de Timo Arnall, no LIFT09, em vídeo, sobre RFID e a "internet das coisas". Vamos lá:
1. Redes Sociais Online
Interessante texto de Eduardo Navas, escrito para o Interactiva 09 Biennale, no Remix Theory, ?After the Blogger as Producer? anailisando as redes sociais e principalmente a influência do Facebook e Twitter no papel crítico dos bloggers. O texto parte de um primeio artigo dialogando com o "writer as a producer" de Benjamin. Aconselho a leitura do texto na íntegra. No final, Navas vai argumentar que
"in 2009 Internet users are no longer encouraged to blog about a subject they know well; instead, people are encouraged to simply tell others in their network what they are up to. ?What are you doing? is the phrase that welcomes users in Twitter, and ?What?s on your mind? plays a similar function in Facebook.".
Ele tem razão, mas devemos estar atentos a uma possível transformação, também interessante, mas de ordem inversa. O uso do Twitter tem evitado posts de uma única frase em blogs, fazendo com que estes ganhem importância como lugar de crítica e de reflexão, de um tempo distentido de uma escrita mais atenciosa. Mas, efetivamente, a crítica de Navas é pertinente. Por exemplo, já ouvi várias pessoas (inclusive conhecedoras do assunto) falares que com os novos microblogs não precisaríamos mais de blogs. Mais uma vez, se o pensamento for substitutivo, só haverá perdas. A lógica deve ser sempre a reconfiguração.
Foto Jan Chipchase
Em Practices Around Privacy, Jan Chipchase aponto 10 pontos para se pensar como, em determinados países, as pessoas lidam com confiabiidade de redes e dispositivos e com a compreensão do que seja privacidade. Vejam o texto na íntegra e os 10 pontos abaixo.
"1. People who don't trust their government (whether they live in the UK, the US or Iran) tend to not to have much trust in the networks that carry their communication. But just because they don't trust it doesn't mean they don't use it - in particular the ease of connecting to the people that matter often trumps the risk of perceived breaches to their privacy, security. 2. Even if people are able to rationalise why they shouldn't use the network e.g. the risk of being arrested, events can take over. They may feel that as part of a large crowd they won't stand out; they may be caught up in the heat of the moment and turn to the tools they know; or simply at that moment in time the network is the least worst option. 3. People have very fuzzy mental models of how the network functions - for example not understanding where data is stored, or the implications of different types of storage. It doesn't take much imagination to understand the implications of using online backup services like MobileMe or Ovi Share in situations where, rightly or wrongly, people percieve the network to be compromised. 4. Mobile phone's don't need the network to be useful: they often include cameras and video cameras, in many urban centers adult penetration is ~100%, they are carried everywhere putting them in a prime position to capture and later share experiences - the Neda video is a good example. 5. In some countries side loading media is common - be it via cable, memory card, or Bluetooth. The practice of BluetoothMe - flirting and sharing files via Bluetooth is reasonably common amongst the youth in the Middle East and to some extent Iran with sensitive material being transferred from phone to phone in this way. It's not particularly practical except in contexts where people know each other and where people and devices are likely to remain in range with one another - the lecture theatre, the bus, the subway. Keep an eye on what's happening with micro-USB for data transfer going forward. 6. For all the discussion around sophisticated network tracking - interception often boils down to the man with the uniform and the truncheon checking your camera, your phone's inbox, your call log. Those photos of your mate throwing a gas canister? It puts you in a time and place. 7. The more there is at stake the more people will strive to understand the trade-offs in connecting to the system or network. And vice versa - if you've grown up around a good network access and, say location positioning then that's just how life is - there is less reason to question. Ditto censorship. 8. Increasingly the choice of whether to adopt, or opt-in to a technology is one of whether to opt-out of society. 9. People tend to adopt strategies to separate very private communication from the merely private, but in a world of cookies and call logs it's increasingly difficult to keep the two apart. If you have the time take a peek at the features that support very private communication (typically extra-marital affairs) on some Japanese mobile phones. 10. In any country where tracking is considered widespread - be careful about gifts from strangers. You never know where that mobile phone or SIM card has been and whether it makes you a target."
2. Mídias Locativas
Post do asquare mostra mais um projeto aliando tecnologias móveis e espaço urbano, Colour by Numbers. Aqui o usuário pode escrever o espaço com dispositivos portáteis digitais, modificando as paisagens urbanas. Vejam também o interessante artigo, Claiming Space. Abaixo vídeo com o trabalho e explicação dos criadores.
"A window full of light has many connotations in the context of a modern city. It can make visible a section of the private sphere, or attract passers-by to public spaces, like department stores, churches or museums. (...) The cityscape becomes a kind of mass medium. In this case, this means that a relatively flexible area contacts a broad and diverse public. The mass medium is a physical area, a place where you can write a message. (...) Cell phones and the internet are also media that create space. Their public nature both complements and competes with the tower?s spacial visibility. You can control the signals with your phone, and you can see them on location or on the internet. The technology is accessible for the individual. Which is good - the public space should be open to any person or usage that gives others the same freedom."
Por último, vídeo da conferência de Timo Arnall, do Oslo School of Architecture, no Lift09, em Marselha. Na sua fala que tinha por tema "Making Things Visible", o autor fala sobre RFID e a internet das coisas. Vejam como a metáfora do "download" de informação do ciberespaço, que usei em útlimos artigos, funciona bem aqui.
Ainda sobre o tema do post anterior, alguns links interessantes sobre a questão. Destaco aqui dois tópicos: o da internet das coisas e dos ambientes inteligentes. Para todos os pontos em destaque, vejam a íntegra do post. "Internet of Things
Bruce Sterling:
Shaping Things (.pdf) ? A pdf copy of Sterling's 2005 book wherein he describes the concept of the spime. From the product description: 'The future will see a new kind of object?we have the primitive forms of them now in our pockets and briefcases: user-alterable, baroquely multi-featured, and programmable?that will be sustainable, enhanceable, and uniquely identifiable. Sterling coins the term 'spime' for them, these future manufactured objects with informational support so extensive and rich that they are regarded as material instantiations of an immaterial system. Spimes are designed on screens, fabricated by digital means, and precisely tracked through space and time. They are made of substances that can be folded back into the production stream of future spimes, challenging all of us to become involved in their production. Spimes are coming, says Sterling. We will need these objects in order to live; we won?t be able to surrender their advantages without awful consequences.'
Spimes and the Future of Artifacts (video presentation) ? An entertaining 35 minute presentation elaborating on six key technology trends (RFID, GPS, visual search, CAD, rapid prototyping and 'transparent production') that are changing the way that we relate to objects. He defines a spime as an object that is 'plannable, trackable, findable, recyclable, uniquely identified and generates digital histories.' (5:33)
Flurb #6: Computer Entertainment (text) ? A signature Bruce Sterling rant posing as a lecture given to a 2008 SXSW audience by a time traveler from the year 2043. Representative passage: 'This is my General Electric Pocket Mediator. This one's about five years old, it's a student's model. Personal mediators are a stable technology in my time, we don't have to fuss with them much. Unfortunately it doesn't have full functionality here in 2008, because we don't have the cloud yet. As soon as I reached here, my Mediator reached out for the cloud to reload its apps and OS? and it tapped into something called 'Window-Vista.' Then it just plain gave up. It's gone completely limp now. There's nothing left here but this frozen screen-saver pattern."
Miscellaneous Readings and Resources:
Four Stages of the Internet of Things ? Former Wired editor and all-around whiz Kevin Kelly riffs on this article by Tim Berners-Lee to construct a succinct description of what he thinks 'the Semantic Web' or 'Web 3.0' is all about. In short, his four stages are: 1) Linking computers, 2) Linking documents, 3) Linking the data in (and about) documents, and 4) Linking things.
The net shapes up to get physical ? Guardian article by Sean Dodson. Good general description. Excerpt: 'Most people, if they bother to think about it at all, probably view the internet as an agent of profound change. In the 15 years since Tim Berners-Lee invented the world wide web, the life of almost everyone in the industrialised world has been touched by it. But just as many of us are getting to grips with its second stage, the mobile internet, very few are prepared - perhaps even aware - of the third and potentially most revolutionary phase of all: the internet of things.' (guardian.co.uk)
RFID ? Wikipedia article on RFID tags. Includes many interesting examples.
Responsive Environments
Readings
How smart does your bed have to be, before you are afraid to go to sleep at night? ? Rich Gold critiques the notion of the 'smart house' in this hilarious and thought-provoking essay. 'Can an intelligent house fall in love with the house next door,' asks Gold. 'Can they have baby houses? Is an architect a trained 'womb' for houses, or more crudely, is an architect how a house makes another house? Does an architect feel like she/he is violating fundamental forces of evolution if she/he does not include the latest new technology in the house she/he next gives birth to? Do you believe in progress? Is a suburban house of today better than a terrace house in London in 1850 which was better than a thatched country cottage in 1700 which was better than the tepees and mud huts that Columbus found in the New World? Is the house that Donald Trump lives in better than the house you live in? If you were an architect and you designed an intelligent house, would the house's own happiness matter to you? If the couple that bought the house you designed got a divorce, do you think you should be libel for damages??
Orchestrating your surroundings ? A project proposal for a 'smart house' - type environment by by Pau Giner, Carlos Cetina, Joan Fons and Vicente Pelechano."
Não é mais o upload para o ciberespaço, como a matrix lá em cima (aliás nunca foi), mas o download da informação e a conexão em tudo do mundo aqui em baixo. Russel chama essa fase a da "internet pingando nas coisas", outros de "internet das coisas", Alex Soojung-Kim Pang de "the end of cyberespace", eu tenho usado a imagem do "download" do ciberespaço ou dos territórios informacionais para enfatizar os lugares e não a irrealidade do virtual...Enfim, em comum aqui a idéia de que talvez tenhamos mesmo que remover a palavra ciberespaço (aquele mundo de informação desmaterializado) do nosso dicionário e constatar a importância dos processos informacionais colados a pessoas, objetos e lugares com a internet em tudo e em todos os lugares.
"I removed 'cyberspace' from my vernacular. The idea, which I grew up with, of going into a place separate from the real world, is something my students just don't recognise."
"The internet brings to everywhere some of the conundrums of dense city living."
Dois livros interessantes para download gratuitos.
Primeiro: Recebi essa semana do meu amigo Rob van Kranenburg uma cópia do seu livro "Internet of Things" (ainda não li). Rob é um ativista e especialista em RFID da isntituto Waag, em Amsterdã. Agora vejo no Networked_Performance uma release do livro. Abaixo algumas informações.
"(...) The Internet of Things is the second issue in the series of Network Notebooks. It?s a critique of ambient technology and the all-seeing network of RFID by Rob van Kranenburg. Rob examines what impact RFID and other systems, will have on our cities and our wider society. He currently works at Waag Society as program leader for the Public Domain and wrote earlier an article about this topic in the Waag magazine and is the co-founder of the DIFR Network. The notebook features an introduction by journalist and writer Sean Dodson.
(...) In Network Notebook #2, titled The Internet of Things, Rob van Kranenburg outlines his vision of the future. He tells of his early encounters with the kind of location-based technologies that will soon become commonplace, and what they may mean for us all. He explores the emergence of the ?internet of things?, tracing us through its origins in the mundane back-end world of the international supply chain to the domestic applications that already exist in an embryonic stage. He also explains how the adoption of he technologies of the City Control is not inevitable, nor something that we must kindly accept nor sleepwalk into. In van Kranenburg?s account of the creation of the international network of Bricolabs, he also suggests how each of us can help contribute to building technologies of trust and empower ourselves in the age of mass surveillance and ambient technologies.(...) This issue is free available in print and pdf form.
To receive a copy of The Internet of Things send an email to books (at) networkcultures.org.
Segundo. A interessante cartografia do ciberespaço, The Atlas of Cyberspace, de Martin Dodge e Rob Kitchin. O livro explora os aspectos visuais do ciberespaço e de suas estruturas. Esse livro mapea o ciberespaço e pode ser um complemento interessante às novas formas de mapeamento dos espaços urbanos com o uso da web 2.0. O livro está disponível aqui.
Descrição:
"(...) It uses a user-friendly, approachable style to examine why cyberspace is being mapped and what new cartographic and visualisation techniques have been employed. Richly illustrated with over 300 full colour images, it comprehensively catalogues 30 years worth of maps that reveal the rich and varied landscapes of cyberspace.
The book includes chapters detailing: - mapping Internet infrastructure and traffic flows - mapping the Web - mapping online conversation and community - imagining cyberspace in art, literature, and film